Plotting a Bubble Chart Using Javascript

Let us try our hand at plotting a bubble chart.

Geomapping - Plotting Specific Addresses on a Map

Let us try and plot a Specific Address now

Plotting a Circle Wave Using Javascript

Plotting Circle Wave

And it's done!

Geomapping - Plotting Cities on a Map

Plotting Cities on a Map

Voila!

Creating Charts and Maps with ggplot2

Data Visualization with R

In this article, I will work on the following visualizations:

Rudimentary Visualizations:

1. Scatter plot
2. Histogram
3. Line Plot
4. Bar chart
5. Box plot

Advanced Visualizations:

1. Area Chart
2. Heat Map
3. Correlogram
4. Hexbin Plot
5. Mosaic Map
6. Map Visualization
7. 3D Graphs

I will work on the 'Big Mart data' data sets as well as some of the small data sets provided in the HistData package.

#load the Big Mart data set

data=read.csv("/Users/Srinka_MAC/Documents/Praxis/Term3/DVL/BigMartDataset.csv")

train = data

Rudimentary Visualizations:

Scatter Plot

library(ggplot2)          

ggplot(train, aes(Item_Visibility, Item_MRP)) + geom_point() + scale_x_continuous("Item Visibility", breaks = seq(0,0.35,0.05))+ scale_y_continuous("Item MRP", breaks = seq(0,270,by = 30))+ theme_bw() 

ggplot(train, aes(Item_Visibility, Item_MRP)) + geom_point(aes(color = Item_Type)) + 

  scale_x_continuous("Item Visibility", breaks = seq(0,0.35,0.05))+

  scale_y_continuous("Item MRP", breaks = seq(0,270,by = 30))+

  theme_bw() + labs(title="Scatterplot")

ggplot(train, aes(Item_Visibility, Item_MRP)) + geom_point(aes(color = Item_Type)) + 

  scale_x_continuous("Item Visibility", breaks = seq(0,0.35,0.05))+

  scale_y_continuous("Item MRP", breaks = seq(0,270,by = 30))+ 

  theme_bw() + labs(title="Scatterplot") + facet_wrap( ~ Item_Type)

Histogram

library(HistData)

library(RColorBrewer)

data(VADeaths)

par(mfrow=c(2,3))

hist(VADeaths,breaks=10, col=brewer.pal(3,"Set3"),main="Set3 3 colors")

hist(VADeaths,breaks=3 ,col=brewer.pal(3,"Set2"),main="Set2 3 colors")

hist(VADeaths,breaks=7, col=brewer.pal(3,"Set1"),main="Set1 3 colors")

hist(VADeaths,,breaks= 2, col=brewer.pal(8,"Set3"),main="Set3 8 colors")

hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(8,"Greys"),main="Greys 8 colors")

hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(8,"Greens"),main="Greens 8 colors")

Line Plot

plot(AirPassengers,type="l")

Bar Chart

ggplot(train, aes(Outlet_Establishment_Year)) + geom_bar(fill = "red")+theme_bw()+

  scale_x_continuous("Establishment Year", breaks = seq(1985,2010)) + 

  scale_y_continuous("Count", breaks = seq(0,1500,150)) +

  coord_flip()+ labs(title = "Bar Chart") + theme_gray()

Vertical Bar Chart

ggplot(train, aes(Item_Type, Item_Weight)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "darkblue") + 

  scale_x_discrete("Outlet Type")+ 

  scale_y_continuous("Item Weight", breaks = seq(0,15000, by = 500))+ 

  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5)) + labs(title = "Bar Chart") 

Stacked Bar chart

ggplot(train, aes(Outlet_Location_Type, fill = Outlet_Type)) + geom_bar()+

  labs(title = "Stacked Bar Chart", x = "Outlet Location Type", y = "Count of Outlets")

Box plot

ggplot(train, aes(Outlet_Identifier, Item_Outlet_Sales)) + geom_boxplot(fill = "red")+

  scale_y_continuous("Item Outlet Sales", breaks= seq(0,15000, by=500))+

  labs(title = "Box Plot", x = "Outlet Identifier")

Advanced Visualizations:

Area Chart

ggplot(train, aes(Item_Outlet_Sales)) + geom_area(stat = "bin", bins = 30, fill = "steelblue") + 

  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(0,11000,1000))+ labs(title = "Area Chart", 

                                                       x = "Item Outlet Sales", y = "Count") 

Heat Map

ggplot(train, aes(Outlet_Identifier, Item_Type))+geom_raster(aes(fill = Item_MRP))+

 labs(title ="Heat Map", x = "Outlet Identifier", y = "Item Type")+

scale_fill_continuous(name = "Item MRP") 

Correlogram

install.packages("corrgram")

library(corrgram)

corrgram(train, order=NULL, panel=panel.shade, text.panel=panel.txt,

         main="Correlogram") 

Hexbin plot

library(hexbin)

a=hexbin(diamonds$price,diamonds$carat,xbins=40)

library(RColorBrewer)

plot(a)

library(RColorBrewer)
rf <- colorRampPalette(rev(brewer.pal(40,'Set3')))
hexbinplot(diamonds$price~diamonds$carat, data=diamonds, colramp=rf)

Mosaic Plot

data(HairEyeColor)

mosaicplot(HairEyeColor)

Map Visualization

devtools::install_github("rstudio/leaflet")

library(magrittr)

library(leaflet)

m <- leaflet() %>%

  addTiles() %>%  # Add default OpenStreetMap map tiles

  addMarkers(lng=88.3630400, lat=22.5626300)

m  # Print the map

3D Graph

library(Rcmdr)

data(iris, package="datasets")

scatter3d(Petal.Width~Petal.Length+Sepal.Length|Species, data=iris, fit="linear", residuals=TRUE, parallel=FALSE, bg="white", axis.scales=TRUE, grid=TRUE, ellipsoid=FALSE)

library(lattice)

attach(iris)# 3d scatterplot by factor level

cloud(Sepal.Length~Sepal.Width*Petal.Length|Species, main="3D Scatterplot by Species")

xyplot(Sepal.Width ~ Sepal.Length, iris, groups = iris$Species, pch= 20)

Working with GGPlot

What is the Grammar of Graphics?

The basic idea behind it is to independently specify plot building blocks and combine them to create just about any kind of graphical display you want.

GGPlot2

The ggplot2 is a package that offers a powerful graphics language for creating elegant and complex plots. Originally based on Leland Wilkinson's The Grammar of Graphics, ggplot2 allows you to create graphs that represent both univariate and multivariate numerical and categorical data in a straightforward manner.

#install & load ggplot library

install.package("ggplot2")

library("ggplot2")

### show info about the data

head(diamonds)

head(mtcars)

### comparison qplot vs ggplot

# qplot histogram

qplot(clarity, data=diamonds, fill=cut, geom="bar")

### how to use qplot

# scatterplot

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars)

# transform input data with functions

qplot(log(wt), mpg - 10, data=mtcars)

# add aesthetic mapping (hint: how does mapping work)qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, color=qsec)

# change size of points (hint: color/colour, hint: set aesthetic/mapping)

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, color=qsec, size=3)

#use alpha blending

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, alpha=qsec)

#continuous scale vs. discrete scale

head(mtcars)

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, colour=cyl)

levels(mtcars$cyl)

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, colour=factor(cyl))

# combine mappings (hint: hollow points, geom-concept, legend combination)

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, size=qsec, color=factor(carb))

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, size=qsec, color=factor(carb), shape=I(1))

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, size=qsec, shape=factor(cyl), geom="point")

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, size=factor(cyl), geom="point")

# bar-plot

qplot(factor(cyl), data=mtcars, geom="bar")

# flip plot by 90°

qplot(factor(cyl), data=mtcars, geom="bar") + coord_flip()

# difference between fill/color bars

qplot(factor(cyl), data=mtcars, geom="bar", fill=factor(cyl))

qplot(factor(cyl), data=mtcars, geom="bar", colour=factor(cyl))

# fill by variable

qplot(factor(cyl), data=mtcars, geom="bar", fill=factor(gear))

# use different display of bars (stacked, dodged, identity)

head(diamonds)

qplot(clarity, data=diamonds, geom="bar", fill=cut, position="stack")

# histogram

qplot(carat, data=diamonds, geom="histogram")

# change binwidth

qplot(carat, data=diamonds, geom="histogram", binwidth=0.01)

# use geom to combine plots (hint: order of layers)

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, geom=c("point", "smooth"))

qplot(wt, mpg, data=mtcars, color=factor(cyl), geom=c("point", "smooth"))

# using ggplot-syntax with qplot (hint: qplot creates layers automatically)

qplot(mpg, wt, data=mtcars, color=factor(cyl), geom="point") + geom_line()

# add an additional layer with different mapping

p.tmp + geom_point()

p.tmp + geom_point() + geom_point(aes(y=disp))

# dealing with overplotting (hollow points, pixel points, alpha[0-1] )

t.df <- data.frame(x=rnorm(2000), y=rnorm(2000))

p.norm <- ggplot(t.df, aes(x,y))

p.norm + geom_point()

p.norm + geom_point(shape=1)

p.norm + geom_point(shape=".")

p.norm + geom_point(colour=alpha("blue", 1/10))

# using scales (color palettes, manual colors, matching of colors to values)

p.tmp <- qplot(cut, data=diamonds, geom="bar", fill=cut)

p.tmp

RColorBrewer::display.brewer.all()

p.tmp + scale_fill_manual(values=c("#7fc6bc","#083642","#b1df01","#cdef9c","#466b5d"))

### create a pie-chart, radar-chart (hint: not recommended)

# map a barchart to a polar coordinate system

p.tmp <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=factor(1), fill=factor(cyl))) + geom_bar(width=1)

p.tmp

p.tmp + coord_polar(theta="y")

p.tmp + coord_polar()

ggplot(mtcars, aes(factor(cyl), fill=factor(cyl))) + geom_bar(width=1) + coord_polar()